Abstract Drag crisis has been described as a drop in the drag coefficient (Cd). This procedure was lately assessed in able-bodied cyclists in time trial position by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of the drag crisis by computer fluid dynamics in transradial and transtibial amputee cyclists in the upright position. A male elite-level cyclist was recruited for this research. The subject was scanned (3D geometry with a 3D Scan) with his competition bicycle, helmet, suit, and shoes. Consequently, transradial and transtibial 3D models were created editing the able-bodied 3D model. To perform the CFD analyses, a domain measuring 7 x 2.5 x 2.5 m (length, width and height, respectively) was created around each bicycle-cyclist model. The domains were meshed with more than 42 million elements. Numerical simulations by CFD were performed in fluent numerical for speeds between 1 m/s and 13 m/s, with increments of 1 m/s. The total Cd decreased with speed. It ranged from 0.84 to 0.55 in the able-bodied, 0.86 to 0.64 in the transradial and 0.90 to 0.61 in the transtibial. The drag crisis phenomenon was observed between 1m/s and 4m/s in all models.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os tempos de rally e o padrão de complexos e de ações realizados no voleibol profissional e escolar sub-19. Foram avaliados um jogo de voleibol masculino e feminino da Superliga Brasileira (voleibol profissional) e um jogo de uma equipa dos Jogos dos Institutos Federais (voleibol escolar sub-19) por meio do software Adobe®Premiere®Pro e analisou-se os tempos de rallies e seus intervalos, a percentagem (%) da densidade, os tipos e números de complexos e das ações nos rallies, além do ponto obtido no rally. Nos jogos de voleibol escolar sub-19 e feminino exibiram maiores tempo de rally e % da densidade, reduzindo o tempo de recuperação. No jogo de voleibol escolar sub-19 realizou-se um maior número de complexos no rally que o profissional. Os complexos com 3 e 1 ações foram os mais executados e exibiram maior ocorrência de pontos. O escalão dos sub-19 mostrou uma maior ocorrência de pontos por meio de erros de fundamentos (bloqueio, defesa e ataque), já nos jogos profissionais ocorreram mais pontos de ataque. Erros de serviço na superliga masculina foram mais relevantes que nas demais categorias. Conclui-se que o voleibol escolar sub-19 difere do profissional nos tempos de rallies e padrões dos complexos e ações, devido à menor experiência no desporto.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the rally times, the pattern of complexes and actions performed between professional volleyball players and players under 19. Four matches were evaluated, one male and another female from the Brazilian Superleague (professional volleyball) and another from the Games of the Federal Institutes (under-19 school volleyball) using the Adobe®Premiere®Pro software, where the rally times and their intervals, % of density, the types and numbers of complexes and the actions in the rallies were analyzed, in addition to the point obtained in the rally. Under-19 school players and female volleyball players showed longer rally times and % of density, reducing recovery time. Under-19 school players held a greater number of complexes in the rally than the professionals. Complexes with 3 and 1 actions were the most performed and showed the highest occurrence of points. Under-19 school players revealed a higher occurrence of points through fundamental errors (blocking, defense, and attack), whereas there were more points of attack in professional games. Serve errors in the men’s super league were more relevant than in the other categories. In conclusion, under-19 school players differ from professional players in rally times, complexes, and action patterns, due to less proficiency in the sport.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the elderly's functional fitness and body composition effects between pre and post multicomponent training program with six months of intervention. The sample of this study was composed of 34 volunteered elders with 68 (± 7.55) years old. The body composition was evaluated by a Tanita BC-545, and a functional fitness test assessed the elderly's functional fitness. The body composition did not present significant changes between the pre- and post-exercise program intervention. The training program increased the upper limbs’ strength levels and upper body flexibility, and aerobic endurance. Different associations between body composition and functional fitness variables were found between pre and post multicomponent training program. In this study, body composition seems not to be affected. However, functional fitness in upper limbs strength, upper body flexibility, and aerobic endurance improved under six months of multicomponent training.

This study aimed was to assess the effects of three different training protocols in quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic muscle strength of independent elderly women. Eighty women were recruited for this study and divided into four groups of twenty subjects: the control group, the multi-component group, the muscle power group, and the muscular resistance strength group. The isokinetic strength was measured in both lower limbs with a dynamometer at 60°/s and 180º/s. The multivariate analysis (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni test assessed the group and time effect. Significant and positive effects were observed in the time and group interaction in the power group at 180°/s and 60°/s knee flexion in the dominant (p = 0.004, respectively) and non-dominant (p = 0.046 and p = 0.041, respectively) lower limbs. The Control group had significant and negative effect on the time x group interaction at 180°/s and 60°/s on the extension of the dominant knee (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001, respectively) and non-dominant (p = 0.003 and p< 0.001, respectively). The muscle power training seems to be the most effective to increase the isokinetic strength in older independent women. All the training programs appear to contribute to decreasing the age-related loss on isokinetic strength.

Introdução: A incidência do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) aumenta exponencialmente com a idade, representando a principal causa de morte acima dos 80 anos. A trombólise intravenosa com ativador do plasminogénio tecidular recombinante (IV-rtPA) representa um avanço no tratamento do AVC isquémico e o seu uso no idoso >80 anos foi alvo recente de discussão. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo no período de 2010-2015 que incluiu doentes >80 anos com AVC isquémico submetidos a IV-rtPA. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, clínicas, ocorrência de transformação hemorrágica e prognóstico. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SPSS. Resultados: Incluídos 45 doentes, idade média 84,4 anos e predomínio do sexo feminino (62,2%). Os principais fatores de risco foram a hipertensão arterial (68,9%) e o cardioembolismo (62,2%). Na maioria dos casos, a IV-rtPA foi realizada até às 3 horas (82,2%). Verificou-se transformação hemorrágica em 22,2%, com pior prognóstico aos 3 meses (p = 0,000). A gravidade do AVC e duração de internamento inferiores associaram-se a melhor prognóstico aos 3 meses (p = 0,025 e p = 0,005, respetivamente). Discussão: Alguns dos resultados obtidos estão de acordo com dados de outros estudos. O aumento da idade está associado a pior prognóstico. A transformação hemorrágica é uma das preocupações da IV-rtPA. A incidência de hipertensão arterial e fibrilhação auricular aumenta com a idade, ambas associadas a maior risco de AVC. Conclusão: A segurança da IV-rtPA foi demonstrada em vários estudos. A idade não deve ser um critério de exclusão, uma vez que doentes devidamente selecionados podem beneficiar dessa terapêutica.

Introduction: The incidence of stroke increases exponentially with age, representing the leading cause of death after the 80 years of age. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rtPA) represents an advance in the treatment of ischemic stroke and its use in the elderly > 80 years old was a recent target of discussion. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in the 2010-2015 period that included patients >80 years old with ischemic stroke who underwent IV-rtPA. The study evaluated demographic and clinical variables, occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation and prognosis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: We included 45 patients, mean age 84.4 years old and female predominance (62.2%). The main risk factors were arterial hypertension (68.9%) and cardioembolism (62.2%). In most cases, IV-rtPA was performed until 3 hours (82.2%). hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 22.2%, with worse prognosis at 3 months (p = 0.000). Lower severity of stroke and length of hospital stay were associated with better prognosis at 3 months (p = 0.025 and p = 0.005, respectively). Discussion: Some of these results are in agreement with data from other studies. The increase in age is associated with a worse prognosis. hemorrhagic transformation is one of IV-rtPA concerns. The incidence of arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation increases with age, both associated with an increased risk of stroke. Conclusion: The safety of IV-rtPA has been demonstrated in several studies. Age should not be an exclusion criterion, since properly selected patients may benefit from such therapy